Buy cheap Topamax

Topamax (Topiramate) is an anticonvulsant drug. Chemically, Topamax (Topiramate) is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide, related to fructose, a rather unusual chemical structure for an anticonvulsant. Topamax (Topiramate) is quickly absorbed after oral use. Most of the drug (70%) is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug. The remainder is extensively metabolized by hydroxylation, hydrolysis, and glucuronidation. Six metabolites have been identified in humans, none of which constitutes more than 5% of an administered dose. Topamax (Topiramate) enhances GABA-activated chloride channels. In addition, Topamax (Topiramate) inhibits excitatory neurotransmission, through actions on kainate and AMPA receptors. There is evidence that Topamax (Topiramate) has a specific effect on GluR5 kainate receptors. It is also an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, particularly subtypes II and IV, but this action is weak and unlikely to be related to its anticonvulsant actions, but may account for the bad taste and the development of renal stones seen during treatment. Its possible effect as a mood stabilizer seems to occur before anticonvulsant qualities at lower dosages. Topamax (Topiramate) inhibits maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures as well as partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures in the kindling model, findings predictive of a broad spectrum of activities clinically.

The most common side effects include a change in taste (carbonated beverages, especially diet sodas and beer, taste particularly bad) and feelings of pins and needles in the head and extremities. Less common side effects include cognitive deficiency (particularly word-finding difficulty); grogginess; lethargy; renal (kidney) stones, impairment of fine motor skills; vision abnormality and transient or permanent vision loss (see below for FDA warning); weight loss; breast pain; abdominal pain; intense sweating; menstrual disorder; taste changes; pharyngitis; sinusitis; diplopia; rash; leukopenia; fatigue; dizziness; insomnia; anxiety; depression; paresthesia; diarrhea; nausea; dyspepsia; constipation; dry mouth; dysmenorrhea.

Rarely, the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase may be strong enough to cause metabolic acidosis of clinical importance.

The side-effects most frequently leading to discontinuation of therapy with Topamax (Topiramate) were:

- Psychomotor slowing (4.1%)
- Memory problems (3.3%)
- Fatigue (3.3%)
- Confusion (3.2%)
- Somnolence (3.2%)

The side-effects reported by > 10% of subjects in at least 1 clinical study Listed by prevalence: (-indicates placebo rate [%] is the same or higher than side-effect rate)

- headache (23.8%) -[25.9%]
- paresthesia (numbness & tingling) (23.1%)
- upper respiratory tract infection (17.5%)
- diarrhea (16.8%)
- nausea (15.4%)
- somnolence (15.4%) -[16.1%]
- anorexia (loss of appetite) (13.3%) -[5.6%]
- insomnia (11.9%) -[11.2%]
- memory problems (11.2%)
- dizziness (10.5%) -[10.5]

What is the shelf life of the pills?

• The expiry date is mentioned on each blister. It is different for different batches. The shelf life is 2 years from the date of manufacture and would differ from batch to batch depending on when they were manufactured.